Primary Focus
Conservative Path
Symptom management, quad strength, offloading
Interventional Path
Structural correction, joint resurfacing or repair
Treatments
Patellar Stabilisation Surgery
Surgical reconstruction or realignment to prevent recurrent dislocation of the kneecap.
On this page
Overview
Patellar stabilisation is performed to address recurrent kneecap dislocations or severe instability. This page covers MPFL reconstruction and bone alignment procedures.
Patellar stabilisation surgery aims to prevent the kneecap (patella) from slipping out of its groove (dislocating). The most common procedure is Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) Reconstruction, which replaces the torn inner stabilizing ligament using a tendon graft. Bony realignment (tibial tubercle osteotomy) may also be performed if anatomical tracking issues are present. Wording is cautious: suitability depends on individual anatomy.
This information is for general patient education and does not replace an individual clinical assessment. Suitability and outcomes depend on joint condition and physical health.
Clinical Overview Illustration
What does this treatment involve?
Typical clinical stages of this treatment pathway include:
1Preoperative assessment, anaesthetic, and surgical preparation
2Harvesting a tendon graft (typically hamstring) through a small incision
3Using keyhole arthroscopy to inspect the joint and check tracking
4Making small incisions on the inner kneecap and femur to attach the new MPFL graft
5Fixing the graft with specialized screws, ensuring correct tension to prevent dislocation
6Performing bony alignment (osteotomy) if needed, securing it with screws
7Closing wounds and applying dressings and a knee brace
Suitability
Suitability depends entirely on an individual clinical examination, diagnostic imaging, medical history, and personal activity goals.
Who may benefit?
- Patients with recurrent patellar dislocations or subluxations (slipping)
- Individuals with chronic patellofemoral instability that limits daily activities or sports
- Patients with an acute dislocation accompanied by a bone/cartilage fracture
When might it not be suitable?
- First-time patellar dislocation without structural fractures (physiotherapy preferred)
- General anterior knee pain without any mechanical instability or slipping
- Advanced patellofemoral arthritis where joint wear is the primary cause of symptoms
Alternatives
Alternative treatment pathways that may be considered depending on clinical severity:
Neuromuscular physical therapy focusing on quadriceps and hip strengthExplore Option >
Patellar stabilizing braces and tapingExplore Option >
Activity modification to avoid rapid twisting or deep squatsExplore Option >
Risks
As with any clinical intervention, risks and complications differ between patients. Suitability and risk profiles are discussed in detail during consultation. General risks associated with this procedure include:
Recurrent instability or graft failure
Knee stiffness or loss of terminal bending (flexion)
Persistent pain or hardware irritation (screws requiring removal later)
Infection or deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Recovery & Rehabilitation
Post-treatment rehabilitation and timelines are key to restoring joint health. We do not provide guaranteed recovery times.
Immediate Recovery
- A knee brace locked in extension is often used for 2 to 6 weeks, with crutches
- Weight-bearing is allowed in the brace as pain permits
- Return to desk work in 2-3 weeks; driving in 4-6 weeks once the brace is removed
- Full return to pivoting sports requires 6 to 9 months of rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Pathway
- Early focus: reducing swelling, active quad firing, and achieving straight-leg raises
- Gradually increasing knee flexion within safe limits defined by the surgeon
- neuromuscular rehab to restore patellar tracking control
Rehabilitation Milestones
Patellar Stabilisation Surgery Recovery Timeline
Typical phase-based progression and return to functional activity guidelines.
1
Phase 1 (Early Stage)
Immediate Recovery & Adaptation
Primary Focus:Pain control, local tissue protection, and load modification.
- A knee brace locked in extension is often used for 2 to 6 weeks, with crutches
- Weight-bearing is allowed in the brace as pain permits
- Return to desk work in 2-3 weeks; driving in 4-6 weeks once the brace is removed
- Full return to pivoting sports requires 6 to 9 months of rehabilitation
2
Phase 2 (Active Rehab)
Strength & Movement Restoration
Primary Focus:Targeted exercise to rebuild joint capacity and confidence.
- Early focus: reducing swelling, active quad firing, and achieving straight-leg raises
- Gradually increasing knee flexion within safe limits defined by the surgeon
- neuromuscular rehab to restore patellar tracking control
Important Clinical AdviceRecovery timelines are indicative. Individual rehabilitation progression depends on surgical findings, tissue quality, and the specific guidance of your consultant orthopaedic surgeon and physiotherapist.
Surgical Recovery Resources
As this is a surgical procedure, you may find our recovery resources helpful. These explain how to prepare and what to expect:
Clinical Pathway Map
Staged treatment and recovery journey.
Staged Clinical Pathway
Phased Rehabilitation & Recovery Pathway
Patient Education Pathway: This pathway diagram is for patient educational purposes only. It is not a diagnostic, triage, or clinical decision-making tool. Individual care options are determined dynamically following consultation.
Anatomy Comparison
Management Strategy Comparison
Comparing conservative treatment with active intervention options.
Conservative Path
Conservative PathClinical Reference
Conservative PathClinical ReferenceInterventional Path (Intervention Options)
Interventional PathClinical Reference
Interventional PathClinical ReferenceTimeframe
Conservative Path
Gradual ongoing adaptation over 3-6 months
Interventional Path
Structured acute healing followed by targeted rehab
Expected Outcome
Conservative Path
Improved function and pain control, preserved anatomy
Interventional Path
Restored mechanical stability, reconstructed tissue
| Anatomical Feature | Conservative Path | Interventional Path |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Focus | Symptom management, quad strength, offloading | Structural correction, joint resurfacing or repair |
| Timeframe | Gradual ongoing adaptation over 3-6 months | Structured acute healing followed by targeted rehab |
| Expected Outcome | Improved function and pain control, preserved anatomy | Restored mechanical stability, reconstructed tissue |
Frequently Asked Questions
Usually, no. First-time dislocations without fractures are managed conservatively with a brace and structured physiotherapy. Surgery is discussed for recurrent episodes.
It is a procedure to reconstruct the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament on the inside of the knee using a tendon graft, restoring the restraint that prevents the patella from slipping outwards.
Awaiting Clinical Review
This page is in draft and has not yet been formally reviewed by our clinical team. Content may change following clinical review.
Would you like to discuss your treatment options?
A consultation can help clarify the cause of your symptoms and discuss appropriate treatment options.
Face-to-face appointments are arranged through the reception team at the chosen clinic. Video consultations use Google Calendar where available.
Continue Your Knee Journey
Explore Recovery→Next Step: Recovery & Rehabilitation
Understand recovery milestones, physical therapy timelines, and guidelines for returning to daily activities, driving, work, or sports safely.
Get notified about new content on Patellar Stabilisation Surgery
We'll only email you about updates on this specific topic — unsubscribe anytime.
Medical Disclaimer
This website provides educational and general information about knee symptoms, conditions, and treatments. The content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or a treatment plan. It should not be used as a substitute for a professional consultation, examination, or clinical decision-making by a qualified orthopaedic specialist.
If you are experiencing symptoms or are concerned about a knee problem, please arrange a clinical consultation. If you have urgent symptoms, severe pain, or are unable to put weight on your leg, please read our urgent advice guidance or contact emergency services immediately (dial 999 or NHS 111).